Histological and immunohistochemical study of the effect of travoprost with and without benzalkonium chloride on the corneae epithelium of adult male albino rat

Chronic topical glaucoma therapy has been reported to cause deleterious changes to the ocular surface layers. Benzalkonium chloride [BAK] is the most commonly used ocular preservative, especially in antiglaucoma drugs. It is largely responsible for the ocular toxicities and inflammation associated with the chronic use of many ophthalmic solutions. This work aimed to compare structural changes in corneae epithelium of rats after chronic exposure to travoprost 0.004% eye drops preserved without BAK, travoprost 0.004% eye drops preserved with BAK and BAK alone. Forty adult male albino rats were divided into five equal groups and created topically once daily for eight weeks; group I [control group], group II received sofzia preservative system, group III received travoprost 0.004% eye drops preserved with sofzia [Travatan Z], group IV received BAK 0.015% and group V received travoprost 0.004% eye drops preserved with 0.015% BAK [Travatan]. At the end of the experiment, cortical specimens were processed for histological study by light and electron microscopes as well as immunohistochemical study with monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin-3 [CK-3]. Corneal epithelium of animals treated with BAK alone and those treated with travoprost preserved with BAK showed desquamation of epithelial cells, significant decrease of epithelial thickness, focal disruption of Bowman's membrane, loss of microvilli, cytoplasmic-vacuolation, nuclear fragmentation and swollen mitochondria with widening of intercellular spaces. lmmunohistochemical study revealed significant decrease in the expression of CK-3 in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. However, no obious histological changes were recorded in corneal specimens in animals treated with travoptost preserved with sofzia with normal expression of CK-3 in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells. Once-daily dosing of travoprost preserved with BAR produced significant corneal epithelial changes. However, the use of glaucoma medications with alternative preservatives as sofzia can preserve corneal health

Effect of jiantai liquid on expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors in uterus of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction induced by mifepristone / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the molecular mechanism of jiantai liquid (JTL) in improving endometrial receptivity of mice with embryo implantation dysfunction (EID).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Mice model of EID induced by mifepristone were intervened with JTL (Twig of Chinese Taxillus, Red Sage root, Chinese Angelica, Milkvetch root, Chuanxiong rhizome), and sacrificed on day 8 of pregnancy. The endometrial estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) protein and their gene expressions were assessed by Western blot and semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Levels of ER and PR protein and their gene expressions in the JTL treated group were significantly higher than those in the model group respectively (all P < 0.05), and showed insignificant difference from those in the normal control group (all P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>JTL could promote the development of endometrium and improve the embryo implantation by way of regulating the levels of ER and PR protein and gene expression in mice with EID.</p>

Effect of low-dose triptorelin on pituitary down-regulation for patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer / 中华男科学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effect of low-dose triptorelin in later luteal phase on pituitary down-regulation for patients undergoing IVF-ET.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and twenty patients were randomly divided into 2 groups(A and B). In group A, the patients were treated with triptorelin of 0.1 mg subcutaneously daily started on day 21 of menstrual cycle for 7 days. In group B, the patients were treated with long protocol of Buserelin intranasal spray. Comparisons were made between the groups in serum concentrations of FSH, LH, E2, T, PRL and P on the third day (D3) of superovulation cycle and on the day of hCG administration, highly purified follicle-stimulating hormone (HP) dosages, and so on.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In group A, mean serum LH level on D3 and the day of hCG was (1.55 +/- 0.99) U/L and (2.70 +/- 1.45) U/L, E2 was (85.66 +/- 13.13) pmol/L and (5,451.31 +/- 1,900.61) pmol/L, respectively, significantly lower than those of group B (P < 0.001; P < 0.01; P < 0.05; P < 0.001). Mean HP(75 IU/Amp) dosage per treatment cycle in group A was 28.20 +/- 11.03 ampoules, significantly higher than 22.30 +/- 6.40 ampoules in group B(P < 0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Low-dose triptorelin in later luteal phase is effective for down-regulation of pituitary and produces more suppression on endogenous LH in pituitary than Buserelin long protocol.</p>

Long-acting GnRH analogue triptorelin therapy in central isosexual precocious puberty.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficacy of long acting GnRH analogue in improving the auxological outcome of patients with central isosexual precocious puberty (CIPP) and to determine the factors influencing the response. METHODS: Thirty-five patients (30 girls, 5 boys) with CIPP were treated with a long acting GnRH analogue, triptorelin. Final height outcomes and factors affecting treatment were analyzed. RESULTS: Treatment was started at the chronological age (CA) of 6.5 1.8 years in girls and 4.4 1.5 years in boys and continued for a period of 3.7 1.8 years in girls and 6 1.8 years in boys. Follow-up period after discontinuation of treatment was 2.2 0.5 years in girls and 2.6 0.3 years in boys. Treatment led to regression of precocious puberty and reversal of secondary sexual characteristics. There was decline in growth rate reflected by a fall in heightSD of 0.8 0.8 in girls and 2.3 0.9 in boys (p = 0.014), an even greater retardation in bone age (BA) advancement with a decrease in BA-CA of 1.7 1 years in girls and 2.7 1 years in boys and a fall in heightSDBA of 1.5 1.1 in girls and 2.1 1.6 in boys. Final height (149.8 6.9 cm in girls and 161.9 3.9 cm in boys) exceeded projected height at the onset of treatment (143.4 8.3 cm in girls and 154.3 2.7 cm in boys) by 6.4 2.4 cm in girls and 7.6 1.5 cm in boys ( p < 0.001 in both the groups). Factors influencing height gain included age at start of therapy (r = 0.715), BA-CA at the time of initiation of treatment (r = 0.734), heightSDBA at the onset of treatment ( r = 0.566) and the duration of treatment (r = 0.711). Girls treated at an age of less than 6 years (n = 9) had a greater height gain (8.7 1.6 cm versus 5.3 1.9 cm, p < 0.001) and achieved similar final height (148.7 8 cm versus 150.2 6.6 cm) in those treated after this age (n = 21). No side effects of GnRH therapy were observed in the study. CONCLUSION: Long acting GnRH therapy is effective in improving the auxological outcome of patients with CIPP. Maximum benefit is observed in girls with greater bone age advancement treated at a younger age and for a longer duration of treatment. These girls had lower bone age advance at discontinuation of treatment.

Sincronización de estros en cabras criollas utilizando dosis reducidas de prostaglandina F2 alfa / Oestrus synchronization in Criollo goats using reduced doses of prostaglandin F2 alpha

El objetivo del presente trabajo fue comparar el efecto de dos dosis reducidas de prostaglandina F2 alfa a la segunda aplicación sobre la luteolisis, presentación de estros y porcentaje de gestación en cabras criollas. El estudio se realizó durante la época de lluvia en el estado de Yucatán, México. El experimento consistió en la aplicación de dos tratamientos a 30 animales distribuidos en tres grupos, siguiendo un esquema de administración doble de dinoprost trometamine vía intramuscular, con intervalo de siete días: el grupo 1 recibió 2.5 mg, el grupo 2, 5.0 mg y el grupo testigo, 1 ml de solución salina fisiológica. Se obtuvo el 100 por ciento de luteolisis en las cabras tratadas con prostaglandina. En los grupos 1 y 2, el 63.6 por ciento (7/11) y 77.8 por ciento (7/9) respectivamente, presentaron celo (P > 0.05). El 64.3 por ciento de las cabras sincronizadas mostraron estro a las 48 horas postratamiento y el 35.7 por ciento restante a las 60 horas. El porcentaje de gestación obtenida la tasa de no retorno a estro fue de 100 por ciento (7/7) para el grupo 1 y 85.7 por ciento (6/7) para el grupo 2. Todas las cabras que gestaron, parieron. La duración de la gestación fue de 146.2 ñ 3.7 días y 150.6 ñ 4.4 días para los grupos 1 y 2 respectivamente. No se encontró diferencia significativa (P > 0.05) en el porcentaje de gestación ni duración de la misma entre los grupos 1 y 2. Las dosis de 2.5 y 5.0 mg de prostaglandina F2 alfa utilizadas en este trabajo fueron efectivas para la sincronización de estros de las cabras criollas, sin afectar la fertilidad

Timely administration of extract of Ferula jaeschkeana causes luteolysis in the ovary of cyclic guineapig.

Effect of hexane extract of Ferula jaeschkeana has been studied on corpora lutea of adult cyclic guinea-pigs. Administration of extract showed duration dependent luteolytic changes in the corpora lutea. Its administration for first three days from the onset of estrus caused significant decrease in the diameter of corpora lutea in the ovary at day 10 of cycle. Ovarian wet weight, proteins and glycogen contents were decreased while the activity of acid phosphatase in the ovary was increased. These luteolytic changes in the ovary have also been observed in the histological findings. Administration of extract for other durations (4-6, 7-9 or 10-12 of cycle) did not cause any change at 10th and 16th day.

Effects of prostaglandin F2 alpha and its synthesis inhibitor indomethacin on corporaluteal functions in pseudopregnant rats.

The effects of PGF2 alpha and its synthesis inhibitor indomethacin on corporaluteal (CL) functions were studied in adult pseudopregnant rats. The CL functions were assessed by studying the duration of pseudopregnancy and histological changes in the ovary. Administration of PGF2 alpha (4 mg/kg BW) significantly (P less than 0.001) shortened the duration of pseudopregnancy. Histological examination of ovaries revealed regressed CL. Administration of indomethacin, on the other hand, significantly (P less than 0.001) prolonged the duration of pseudopregnancy. Histological examination of ovaries revealed large and well formed CL, the diameters of which were significantly (P less than 0.05) increased. Administration of indomethacin and PGF2 alpha simultaneously, however, keeps the duration of pseudopregnancy within normal limit. Further, the shortening in the duration of pseudopregnancy by PGF2 alpha alone was completely reversed by exogenous administration of progesterone. Since PGF2 alpha shortens and indomethacin (an inhibitor of PGF2 alpha synthesis) prolongs the duration of pseudopregnancy, it is concluded that PGF2 alpha acts as a luteolytic agent in rats. The mechanism of luteolysis is most likely to be due to decrease plasma progesterone level. An estimation of blood progesterone level after administration of PGF2 alpha to pseudopregnant rats is therefore, suggested.